Invasive and Non - native Species in a Small New England Watershed ( New York )

method for further utilization and to provide principles and strategies for drought-resistant vegetation restoration. Rainwater gathering has been applied in agricultural production in arid areas. Rainwater harvesting based on the collection and concentration of surface runoff for cultivation has been practiced in different parts of the world. For example, supplemental irrigation with water collected into small ponds is used to increase water availability of crops for improving and stabilizing agricultural production in semiarid regions of China (Xiao and Wang 2003). We conducted the experiments in Macao, located to the west of the Pearl River Delta on the southeastern coast of China. Macao (26.8 km2) consists of the Macao Peninsula, Taipa Island, and Coloane Island. The annual mean temperature was 22.3°C; the lowest and highest monthly average temperature were 10°C (February 1968) and 29.8°C (August 1990). Average relative humidity was 80%, and annual average precipitation was about 2,103 mm (1996–2005 data) with severe seasonal aridity from October to March. The main ecosystem in Macao was evergreen broadleaf forest in the 1880s. In the twentieth century, the forests were degraded by human disturbances, such as timber harvesting, litter removal, and natural accidents such as wildfire. In the 1930s, Taipa Island and Coloane Island became bare soil. After the 1960s, reforestation was carried out in Macao. In the bald ground, some pioneer species were planted, such as Masson pine (Pinus massoniana), Taiwan acacia (acacia confusa), longleaf beefwood (casuarina equisetifolia), and cinnamon (cinnamomum Holes: A Novel Method for Promoting Vegetation Restoration (Macao) shao-lin Peng (state Key laboratory of Biocontrol/school of life sciences, sun Yat-sen University, guangzhou 510275, china, +86 20 84039571, [email protected]), Yi-na Yu (college of Forestry, south china agricultural University, guangzhou 510642, china; state Key laboratory of Biocontrol/school of life sciences, sun Yat-sen University, guangzhou 510275, china), Yu-Ping Hou (state Key laboratory of Biocontrol/school of life sciences; sun Yat-sen University, guangzhou 510275, china), long-sheng Yu (state Key laboratory of Biocontrol/school of life sciences; sun Yat-sen University, guangzhou 510275, china), BaoMing chen (state Key laboratory of Biocontrol/school of life sciences; sun Yat-sen University, guangzhou 510275, china), guan-Feng liang (Department of gardens & green areas, Macao civic and Municipal affairs Bureau, cP3054, Macao saR, china)